Breast Cancer Statistics 2008
- Breast cancer incidence in women in the United States is 1 in 8 (about 13%).
- In 2008, an estimated 182,460 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S., along with 67,770 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer.
- About 1,990 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in men in 2008. Less than 1% of all new breast cancer cases occur in men.
- From 2001 to 2004, breast cancer incidence rates in the U.S. decreased by 3.5% per year. One theory is that this decrease was due to the reduced use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by women after the results of a large study, called the Women’s Health Initiative, were published in 2002. These results suggested a connection between HRT and increased breast cancer risk.
- About 40,480 women in the U.S. are expected to die in 2008 from breast cancer, though death rates have been decreasing since 1990. These decreases are thought to be the result of treatment advances, earlier detection through screening, and increased awareness.
- For women in the U.S., breast cancer death rates are higher than those for any other cancer besides lung cancer.
- Besides skin cancer, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among U.S. women. More than 1 in 4 cancers are breast cancer.
- Compared to African American women, white women are slightly more likely to develop breast cancer, but less likely to die of it. One possible reason is that African American women tend to have more aggressive tumors, although why this is the case is not known. Women of other ethnic backgrounds — Asian, Hispanic, and Native American — have a lower risk of developing and dying from breast cancer than white women and African American women.
- As of 2008, there are about 2.5 million women in the U.S. who have survived breast cancer.
- A woman’s risk of breast cancer approximately doubles if she has a first-degree relative (mother, sister, daughter) who has been diagnosed with breast cancer. About 20-30% of women diagnosed with breast cancer have a family history of breast cancer.
- About 5-10% of breast cancers are caused by gene mutations inherited from one’s mother or father. Mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the most common. Women with these mutations have up to an 80% risk of developing breast cancer during their lifetime, and they often are diagnosed at a younger age (before age 50). An increased ovarian cancer risk is also associated with these genetic mutations. Men with a BRCA1 mutation have a 1% risk of developing breast cancer by age 70 and a 6% risk when they have a BRCA2 mutation.
- About 90% of breast cancers are due not to heredity, but to genetic abnormalities that happen as a result of the aging process and life in general.
- The most significant risk factors for breast cancer are gender (being a woman) and age (growing older).
article from breastcancer.org
Breast cancer statistics in Australia
These statistics are the most available at October 2008. The sources are listed at the end of the document.
Women
Incidence
- Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among Australian women.
- The number of women diagnosed with breast cancer in Australia increased from 5,370 in 1983 to 12,126 in 2004.
- The average age of first diagnosis was 60 years for a woman.
- The risk of breast cancer increases with age. About 24 per cent of new breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2002 were in women younger than 50 years; 50 per cent in women aged 50-69; and 26 per cent in women aged 70 and over.
- The age standardised incidence rate has increased from 80.7 in 1983 to 112.8 in 2004.
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women, but the incidence rate is lower than for the non-Indigenous population.
Mortality
- Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in women in Australia.
- There were 2,719 female deaths 2005.
- A woman's risk of dying from breast cancer before the age of 85 has been declining, from 1 in 29 risk in 1983 to a 1 in 35 risk in 2005.
- The age-standardised rate of death due to breast cancer among women has fallen markedly, on average 2% per annum, from 30.6 deaths per 100,000 females in 1990 to 23.7 deaths per 100,000 females in 2005.
- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women had 9% higher rates of breast cancer mortality than the Australian female population as a whole, based on age-standardised rates for the 2000-2004 period for Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia and Northern Territory registered deaths.
- Australia's death rate from breast cancer was lower than the rates for New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States of America.
Survival
- For women, there was a significant increase in relative survival after diagnosis of breast cancer between 1982-1986 and 1998-2004. Five-year relative survival increased from 71.8% to 87.8%. Between 1982-1986 and 1998-2004 one-year relative survival increased from 93.2% to 96.7%.
- Five-year relative survival was 98% for women with 0–10 mm tumours, 95% for women with 11–15 mm tumours, 93% for women with 16–19 mm tumours, 88% for women with 20–29 mm tumours, 73% for women with tumours 30mm or greater.
- Five-year relative survival was 97% for women with negative nodal status, 80% for women with positive nodal status.
Prevalence
- It is estimated that in 2004 there were 129,438 women alive who had been diagnosed with breast cancer in the previous 23 years.
Mammographic screening
Participation in the BreastScreen Australia screening program in 2004-2005 was 56.2% in the target age group of 50-69 years. Of the 1,614,871 women screened in 2004-2005, 1,188,720 were women in the target age group (74%). This represented an increase from 70% in the previous reporting period, 2003–2004.
Younger Women
While 75% of breast cancer cases develop in women 50 years and older, younger women can still develop the disease. 5.7% of new breast cancer cases are among women under the age of 40 years.
In Australia each year, about 700 women under the age of 40 years are diagnosed with breast cancer. Overall survival from breast cancer has increased in recent years. Most recent data shows that about 90% of women aged between 40 and 69 years at diagnosis will be alive after 5 years. However, for women younger than 40 years, survival is lower. Of younger women diagnosed with breast cancer, approximately 82.4% of those aged 20-29 years and 84.8% of those aged 30-39 years will be alive 5 years after diagnosis.
Men
Incidence
- Breast cancer in males is rare. The number of new cases of breast cancer in males per year increased from 43 in 1983 to 109 in 2004.
- In 2002 the average age of first diagnosis was 66 years for a man.
- The age standardised incidence rate has increased from 0.9 in 1983 to 1.1 in 2004
Mortality
- In 2005 there were 17 male deaths due to breast cancer.
- A man’s risk of dying from breast cancer before the age of 85yrs is declining. In 1983 men had a 1 in 3663 risk in 198 of dying. By 2005 this had risk had increased to a 1 in 3937.
Survival
- For males, there was no significant change in relative survival after diagnosis of breast cancer in males between 1982–1986 and 1998–2002. One-year relative survival increased from 93.4% to 94.5% and five-year relative survival slightly decreased from 80.0% to 79.7%.
Prevalence
- In 2002 it was estimated that there were 729 men alive who had been diagnosed with breast cancer in the previous 23 years.
Sources
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), Cancer Australia & Australasian Association of Cancer Registries 2008. Cancer survival and prevalence in Australia: cancers diagnosed from 1982 to 2004. Cancer Series no. 42. Cat. no. CAN 38. Canberra: AIHW
AIHW & AACR (Australasian Association of Cancer Registries) 2007. Cancer in Australia: an overview, 2006. Cancer series no. 37. Cat. no. CAN 32. Canberra: AIHW.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2008. BreastScreen Australia monitoring report 2004–2005. Cancer series no. 42. Cat. no. CAN 37. Canberra: AIHW.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare & National Breast Cancer Centre 2006. Breast cancer in Australia: an overview, 2006. Cancer series no. 34. cat. no. CAN 29. Canberra: AIHW.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australian Cancer Incidence and Mortality books, Breast. http://www.aihw.gov.au/cancer/data/acim_books/index.cfm accessed October 2008
Breast Cancer Statistics
The following is adapted from information available from the American Cancer Society (ACS).
- Excluding cancers of the skin, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among U.S. women, accounting for more than 1 in 4 cancers.
- Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, after lung cancer.
- One out of eight American women who live to be 85 years of age will develop breast cancer, a risk that was one out of 14 in 1960.
- 2.4 million women living in the U.S. have been diagnosed with and treated for breast cancer.
- An estimated 182,480 new cases of invasive breast cancer are expected to be diagnosed in American women during 2008. About 1,990 new cases of breast cancer are expected in men. In addition, an estimated 67,770 cases of in situ breast cancer (both DCIS and LCIS) are expected, with 85 percent being DCIS.
- An estimated 40,930 breast cancer deaths are anticipated this year (40,480 women, 450 men).
- The greatest risk factor for developing breast cancer is gender (female) and the second is age. During 2000-2004, 95 percent of new cases and 97 percent of breast cancer deaths occurred in women aged 40 and older.
- The risk of developing breast cancer increases for women whose parent, sibling or child have had the disease.
- It has been estimated that 5 percent to 10 percent of breast cancer cases result from inherited mutations or alterations in BRCA1 and BRCA2.
- Women who begin menstruating before age 12 are at increased risk of developing breast cancer. The more menstrual cycles a woman has during her lifetime, the more her risk increases.
- Other risk factors include inherited mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, a personal or family history of breast cancer, high breast tissue density, high-dose radiation to the chest wall, long menstrual history, never having given birth or giving birth for the first time after age 30, and biopsy-confirmed atypical hyperplasia.
- After decreasing 16 percent from 2006 to 2007, the estimated number of new cases of female invasive breast cancer is expected to increase slightly in 2008 to 182,460, up from 178,480. The estimated number of new breast cancer cases in men is expected to continue to decline slightly, with 1,990 new cases in 2008, down from 2,030 in 2007.
- Female breast cancer incidence rates continuously increased for two decades, but have leveled off since 2001. One possible explanation for the decrease is that millions of women stopped taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) following published research that indicates a positive link between taking HRT and developing breast cancer.
- Patients with private insurance from all racial/ethnic groups are more likely to be diagnosed with stage I breast cancer and less likely to be diagnosed with stage III and IV than those who were uninsured or who had Medicaid insurance. While 89 percent of patients with private insurance survived five years, only 77 percent of uninsured and 75 percent of Medicaid patients passed the five year mark.
Information from Cancer Facts & Figures 2008, American Cancer Society.
http://www.cancer.org/docroot/stt/stt_0.asp
Early Symptoms of Breast Cancer Development
By: Trevor R Price
Over 90 percent of breast cancer cases are diagnosed during the earlier stages of the disease. Early spotting is beneficial for the patient as it typically means better treatment and a stronger prognosis.
Nonetheless, early diagnosis is only a fraction of the whole medical picture. Other disease characteristics, like hormone receptors and lymph nodes, can aid in prognosis results and help doctors and patients choose the right treatment.
Though breast cancer rates are increasing in North America and the United Kingdom, the fatality rate is falling. This declining death rate is accredited to more women getting mammograms, better evaluation processes, and more potent secondary treatments.
Thus if the majority of diagnosed breast cancer cases are discovered during the preliminary stages, what effect does that have on patients and what are the best treatment courses?
An Overview of the Earlier Symptoms of this Disease
Earlier breast cancer stages are called TNM stages 1, 2 and 3a. This scoring system approximates how far the carcinoma has advanced. It's also based on whether any present tumors are operable.
The majority of early breast cancer cases are cured through either surgery, radiation therapy, systemic therapy or a combination of the three, resulting in a much greater survival rate.
Normal Treatment Reactions
Treatment reaction generally hinges on lymph node engagement, the size and grade of any tumors, the age of the patient, hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptors, and the status or condition of biologic markers like HER2/neu.
Lymph Node Indicators
Lymph nodes are an effective way to predict the effects of breast cancer. Essentially, the more positive lymph nodes that are present, the lower the patient's survival rate and the higher the chances of relapse.
Typically, patients with early stage breast cancer are grouped into either those having negative nodes, 1 to 3 positive ones, 4 to 9, or 10 and higher.
The Size of Tumor
Tumor size is another indicator and can be especially useful for patients with negative lymph nodes. Essentially, if a patient has negative nodes and a tumor that is less than 1cm, the prognosis is very favorable.
The Grade of Tumor
As the grade of the tumor increases, so does the potential relapse rate. However, due to the unreliability of tumor data, most pathologists do not rely on this information for their prognosis.
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
The status of hormone receptors in the tumor is another indicator used by doctors when prognosing early stage breast cancer. Typically, patients who experience a receptor-positive cancer have a stronger survival rate than those who do not.
HER2/neu
HER2/neu is what's called a marker - it's a biological element typically present in the body or within the tumor in about 25% of all breast cancer cases. When HER2/neu levels are high, that usually translates to a more aggressive variety of breast cancer and a worse prognosis.
Age of the Patient
Generally, patients who are older (50 and up) have a better prognosis than patients under the age of 35.
For helpful information on various cancers - please visit cancerinfotips.com
Breast Cancer Symptoms Guide
By: Jenni Snook
Breast cancer is probably the most common cancer affecting women. One must recognise this fact, even if the risk to men is minimal. This is very true when it concerns women. In this article, you will be introduced to this type of cancer, as well as the symptoms that are involved when it comes to breast cancer.
Breast Cancer Explained
Breast cancer is essentially a case of unusual growth that happens principally in the breasts of a person. Changes in breast size is perfectly normal and common for women on a monthly basis due to their natural menstrual cycle. When examining your breasts, you may feel a ball or clump in them. It's likely that many of these are not harmful at all, however, there still exists the possibility that some may carry cancer. The danger is that if one of these lumps is actually cancerous, then it could potentially mestastisize to other regions of the body. This means that it can spread. The lymphatic system and the bloodstream are the 2 mediums through which cells from the breasts travel to other regions of the body. There have been cases where the spread has been quite slow, and there have been others where this spread has been pretty fast.
The Symptoms of Cancer in the Breasts
You may have heard medical experts say on various occasions that in the early phases of breast cancer, you may not detect any symptoms at all. You may also be aware that the symptoms become more obvious as the cancer advances. You should be able to detect at least one of the following symptoms if you have cancer:
1. One may begin to feel some pain in the breast as well as some soreness.
2. Discharge from your breasts may be one of the symptoms and this may be clear, slightly yellow or even look like blood.
3. A change in breast size may indicate cancer, but there may also be other changes relating to the texture. Another indication is if a breast is very warm to touch.
4. There could be swelling in the breast, or even in the lymph node that is found under the arm. If you discover this type of situation, it is important to understand that this could be a sign that cancer is developing.
5. Many individuals may begin to experience itching, burning, and even physical ulcerations on the skin of the breasts.
Conclusion
There is not just one type of breast cancer, there are various. Furthermore, there are various physical signs that show that cancer has begun developing. It's very important that you examine your breast correctly and on a regular basis. Once to twice a month is typically appropriate. Keeping an eye out for the symptoms listed in this article could possibly save your life. Hence, you should not hesitate in calling a doctor if any of the above symptoms present themselves.
20 Facts You Need To Know About Breast Cancer
Originally published in Issue 2 2005 icon
...and it's all been covered in icon in the last two years.
1: Mammograms, at best, are 67 per cent accurate. For most women over 40 with dense breast tissue, they are 59 percent accurate.
2: 50 per cent of diagnoses are DCIS - calciferous particles in the ducts. 80 per cent do not lead to cancer. (Try fish oils with vitamin D to reduce the calcium deposits).
3: By contrast thermal imaging is noninvasive and almost 100 per cent accurate. But there are only 4 centres in the UK.
4: Two genes BRCA1 and BRAC2 give a higher risk. About 7 per cent of women have these. You can be tested.
5: Many breast cancers have been linked to oestrogen. Mixed synthetic progesten/oestrogen HRT doubles risk of breast cancer. Synthetic oestrogen HRT increases risk by 27 per cent. Do you want to add more?
6: Smoking and regular alcohol drinking both increase risk. As does being overweight. As does the pill (27 per cent to 144 per cent, depending upon age).
7: Parabens has been found in breast cancer cells in research. Other potentially harmful oestrogen mimics include toluene (nail polishes), phthalates (plasticisers in bottles) and perfumed products like toluene or DEHP in the blood stream.
8: Pesticides such as DDT and Lindane increase breast cancer risk. In Israel the increase was 400 per cent.
9: Having more children, and then breast feeding them for longer than 9 months reduces risk.
10: Lowered blood levels of omega 3, vitamin B-12 and vitamin C have all been found in women with breast cancer.
11: Conversely women with the highest levels of omega 3 do not get breast cancer. Equally, vitamin D has been shown to be highly protective. Try daily fish oils.
12: Research links dairy consumption with increased risk of breast cancer, US studies identify IGF-1 as the culprit.
13: Conversely, phytoestrogens from pulses, such as chickpeas, lentils and soy; have been shown to be highly protective.
14: A new breed of breast cancer drugs, aromatase inhibitors, aims to cut oestrogen levels in patients.
15: Polyphenols, for example in green tea and broccoli, have been shown to be protective. Indole 3 carbinol reduces the levels of oestradiol, the most potent oestrogen.
16: Natural progesterone - but not synthetic - has been shown to have protective properties by balancing excess oestrogen.
17: Natural tocotrienol vitamin E, but not tocopherol vitamin E, helps maintain healthy soft breast tissue. Obtain supplies from the US. It's found in palm oil.
18: Both garlic and selenium have also been shown to confer strong protective benefits.
19: Biopsies have been linked to the spread of breast cancer through seeding. Radiotherapy can reduce up to 20 per cent of lung capacity.
20: if you are pre-menopausal, having an operation in the second two weeks of your cycle, rather than the first two weeks almost doubles long-term survival rates.
(article from canceractive.com)
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